Fig. 3

Radiomic feature selection by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression. (a) Selection of tuning parameter (λ) in the LASSO model using 10-fold cross-validation. Dotted vertical lines were drawn at the optimal values by using the minimum criteria and 1 standard error of the minimum criteria (the 1-standard error criteria). The optimal log (λ) of -2.53 was chosen. (b) LASSO coefficient profiles of the 31 features. A vertical line was plotted at the optimal log (λ), which resulted in 11 features with non-zero coefficients