Table 4 Segmentation performance of the compared methods on both the validation and independent test set

U-Net

86.15

99.41

88.86

99.66

78.15

1.74

6.89

87.49

99.40

89.19

99.68

78.36

1.08

3.66

nnUNet

86.49

99.42

86.95

99.73

78.63

1.15

4.81

87.58

99.40

87.10

99.77

78.37

0.59

2.95

COM-Net

83.78

99.35

86.61

99.66

78.27

1.85

6.80

86.69

99.39

89.79

99.67

77.27

1.59

5.05

All

MTTU-Net

85.91

99.41

87.69

99.68

78.02

1.21

4.85

86.88

99.40

89.27

99.69

77.64

1.40

4.20

Ours

86.22

99.41

87.93

99.69

78.86

0.65

2.55

87.60

99.40

89.10

99.71

78.40

0.70

2.63

 + clinical

characteristics

85.22

99.4

86.59

99.71

74.91

0.91

3.59

86.62

99.36

86.54

99.72

76.92

0.60

2.82

U-Net

86.03

99.57

88.57

99.75

79.49

1.49

6.13

88.09

99.50

89.75

99.71

79.10

1.49

4.58

nnUNet

87.48

99.63

87.79

99.83

80.54

0.49

2.19

88.43

99.54

87.55

99.80

79.53

0.58

2.29

COM-Net

82.40

99.48

85.69

99.74

80.29

2.20

8.58

86.01

99.48

90.19

99.68

76.52

2.66

7.87

Grade

MTTU-Net

85.54

99.55

86.97

99.74

80.22

0.86

3.05

85.84

99.49

89.21

99.72

76.60

2.47

6.70

II

Ours

86.58

99.59

88.32

99.77

80.91

0.62

2.21

88.50

99.53

89.16

99.75

79.68

0.67

2.52

 + clinical

characteristics

85.12

99.57

87.2

99.78

74.88

1.06

4.12

87.70

99.51

87.52

99.74

78.52

0.62

3.01

U-Net

85.99

99.22

87.94

99.60

78.35

1.36

3.15

85.09

99.42

87.82

99.68

75.26

1.01

4.23

nnUNet

85.18

99.17

84.06

99.65

78.57

0.66

2.69

85.87

99.41

87.87

99.77

76.09

0.72

3.28

COM-Net

84.09

99.12

86.08

99.55

78.63

1.62

5.66

85.38

99.38

90.84

99.64

75.42

1.30

4.84

Grade

MTTU-Net

86.02

99.20

87.62

99.64

78.73

0.70

3.00

86.16

99.41

89.32

99.69

76.36

0.88

3.12

III

Ours

86.64

99.25

88.65

99.60

78.89

0.69

2.61

85.44

99.37

90.19

99.66

75.4

0.90

3.45

 + clinical

characteristics

85.25

99.14

85.07

99.63

74.89

0.65

2.74

85.11

99.34

86.7

99.68

74.73

0.60

2.55

U-Net

86.57

99.17

90.22

99.51

76.81

2.62

11.42

88.59

99.28

89.58

99.65

79.82

0.67

2.23

nnUNet

85.04

99.09

86.99

99.55

76.94

3.09

12.68

87.90

99.24

86.04

99.75

78.75

0.51

3.43

COM-Net

86.90

99.19

89.23

99.56

76.24

1.15

3.29

88.41

99.29

88.57

99.69

79.46

0.61

2.07

Grade

MTTU-Net

86.72

99.21

89.47

99.55

75.62

2.41

10.54

88.55

99.29

89.31

99.66

79.73

0.59

2.24

IV

Ours

85.02

99.10

86.47

99.58

76.98

0.71

3.36

88.20

99.28

88.22

99.70

79.20

0.59

2.15

 + clinical

characteristics

85.43

99.15

86.21

99.59

74.99

0.74

2.91

86.55

99.20

85.34

99.72

76.77

0.57

2.81