Fig. 3

Anatomical radiofrequency ablation in a 70-year-old woman with a 2.0-cm hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatitis B-related cirrhosis. (A) Hepatobiliary phase image of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI shows a 2.0-cm low signal intensity HCC in segment VI of the liver. Two tumor-bearing portal vein 4th branches are noted (arrows). (B) Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (Sonazoid) images well visualize the tumor (large arrows) and tumor-bearing portal vein branches (small arrows). (C) Real-time US-MR fusion image shows the low echoic target tumor (large arrow) and electrode placed across the tumor-bearing portal vein branches (small arrows). (D) Portal venous phase coronal image of immediate CT scan shows complete ablation of the target tumor and tumor-bearing portal vein branches with a sufficient safety margin (> 5 mm). (E) No local tumor progression was observed at 21-month follow-up CT.