Table 1 Univariate analysis to determine distinguishing variables of significant pain from non-significant pain
Characteristics | All(n = 215) | Non-significant pain (n = 189) | Significant pain (n = 26) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age(years)* | 64.5 ± 9.3 | 64.5 ± 9.5 | 64.5 ± 8.1 | 0.997 |
Sex, female | 92(42.8) | 81(42.9) | 11(42.3) | 0.958 |
Lesion size ≥ 34 mm | 116(54.0) | 94(49.7) | 22(84.6) | 0.001 |
Lesion type | ||||
Solid | 193(89.8) | 172(91.0) | 21(80.8) | 0.157 |
Part-solid | 22(10.2) | 17(9.0) | 5(19.2) | |
Lesion location | ||||
Left upper lobe | 55(25.6) | 46(24.3) | 9(32.6) | 0.445 |
Left lower lobe | 36(16.7) | 34(18.0) | 2(7.7) | |
Right upper lobe | 69(32.1) | 62(32.8) | 7(26.9) | |
Right middle lobe | 10(4.7) | 8(4.2) | 2(7.7) | |
Right lower lobe | 45(20.9) | 39(20.6) | 6(23.1) | |
Pleural traction, yes | 104(48.4) | 92(48.7) | 12(46.2) | 0.809 |
Emphysema along the needle path | 50(23.3) | 44(23.3) | 6(23.1) | 0.982 |
Position | ||||
Prone | 122(56.7) | 111(58.7) | 11(42.3) | 0.113 |
Supine | 93(43.3) | 78(41.3) | 15(57.7) | |
Needle-pleural angle (≥ 77°) | 72(33.5) | 58(30.7) | 14(53.8) | 0.019 |
Traversal of fissure | 8(3.7) | 7(3.7) | 1(3.8) | 1.000 |
Lesion depth (mm)* | 24.7 ± 16.1 | 24.8 ± 16.3 | 23.8 ± 15.0 | 0.760 |
Number of scans† | 9(7, 12) | 9(7, 12) | 9(7,12.25) | 0.968 |
Procedure time ≥ 26.5 mins † | 36(16.7) | 28(14.8) | 8(30.8) | 0.051 |
Radiation dose (DLP, mGy cm2) † | 684.5(436.1,891.9) | 679.0(426.2, 884.5) | 759.2(558.4,1036.7) | 0.158 |
Hemorrhage | 168(78.1) | 147(77.8) | 21(80.8) | 0.729 |
Pneumothorax | 88(40.9) | 81(42.9) | 7(26.9) | 0.121 |
Particular fear of pain | 48(22.3) | 40(21.2) | 8(30.8) | 0.270 |
Uncomfortable about the position | 17(7.9) | 13(6.9) | 4(15.4) | 0.133 |
Diagnostic results | 194(90.2) | 169(89.4) | 25(96.2) | 0.464 |