Fig. 4

Examples of Common Benign Pathologies seen on CEM. A Typical CEM appearance of cyst on LE (solid white arrow) and RI CEM (dash white arrow) with negative internal enhancement and thin rim enhancement also known as the “eclipse” sign. B Region of non-mass enhancement (dash circle) with irregular margins on LE (solid circle) corresponds to biopsy proven localized fibrocystic change. C Call back from screening mammogram for further characterization of mass in the medial breast. A 1.9 cm lobulated mass with associated solitary coarse calcification (solid black circle) demonstrates homogeneous enhancement (dash black circle) and corresponds to biopsy proven fibroepithelial lesion compatible with fibroadenoma. D Call back from screening for enlarging right axillary lymph nodes on screening mammography. CEM was performed showing enhancing circumscribed masses in the right axilla. Ultrasound revealed abnormal lymph nodes with thickened cortices. Biopsy subsequently revealed reactive changes within a biopsied lymph node. E Abnormal findings on the baseline screening mammogram, CEM recommended for further evaluation. Spot compression of retroareolar focal asymmetry (solid black circle) reveals focus of enhancement (dash black circle) at the end of the linear negative enhancement, representing a dilated duct. Corresponding ultrasound revealed intraductal hypoechoic mass, subsequently biopsy proven as intraductal papilloma. F Call back from screening mammography for bilateral abnormalities. Round mass with indistinct borders in upper inner right breast, posterior depth (solid white arrow) on LE images demonstrates enhancement on RI CEM (dash white arrow). Ultrasound of the right breast at 1:00, 8 cm from nipple, revealed an oval parallel hypoechoic circumscribed mass, subsequently biopsy proven as PASH