Table 4 Comparing the sample characteristics of the test sample with the validation sample
From: Early biomarkers of extracapsular extension of prostate cancer using MRI-derived semantic features
Variables | Test Sample (n.° of patients = 169) | Validation Sample (n.° of patients = 59) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Continuous variables | |||
Age at MRI (years) | 61.5 ± 6.8 (41.2; 75.8) | 62.3 ± 6.4 (43.0; 77.0) | 0.472 |
Prostate volume (g) | 41.7 ± 20.1 (18; 148) | 47.7 ± 23.1 (19; 150) | 0.080 |
PSA (ng/ml) | 7.3 ± 4.1 (2.2; 31.0) | 6.9 ± 5.1 (2.0; 38.0) | 0.566 |
PSAD* (ng/ml/g) | 0.2 ± 0.1 (0.0; 1.0) | 0.2 ± 0.1 (0.0; 0.7) | 0.018 |
Index lesion size (mm) | 14.1 ± 5.6 (5.0; 32.0) | 13.8 ± 6.7 (6.0; 39.0) | 0.796 |
Capsular contact length (mm) | 12.4 ± 8.4 (0.0; 40.0) | 12.0 ± 9.6 (0.0; 57.0) | 0.767 |
Categorical variables | |||
Index lesion PI-RADS V2 | |||
3 | 10 (5.92) | 3 (5.09) | |
4 | 91 (53.84) | 37 (62.71) | 0.507 |
5 | 68 (40.24) | 19 (32.20) | |
Smooth capsular bulging | |||
No | 66 (39.05) | 34 (57.63) | 0.015 |
Yes | 103 (60.95) | 25 (42.37) | |
Capsular disruption | |||
No | 87 (51.48) | 37 (62.71) | 0.172 |
Yes | 82 (48.52) | 22 (37.29) | |
Unsharp margin | |||
No | 80 (47.34) | 35 (59.32) | 0.131 |
Yes | 89 (52.66) | 24 (40.68) | |
Irregular contour | |||
No | 99 (58.58) | 38 (64.41%) | 0.445 |
Yes | 70 (41.42) | 21 (35.59%) | |
Black strition periprostatic fat | |||
No | 135 (79.88) | 48 (81.36) | 0.956 |
Yes | 34 (20.12) | 11 (18.64) | |
Measurable ECE | |||
No | 147 (86.98) | 51 (86.44) | 1.000 |
Yes | 22 (13.02) | 8 (13.56) | |
Retoprostatic angle obliteration | |||
No | 160 (94.67) | 53 (89.83) | 0.224 |
Yes | 9 (5.33) | 6 (10.17) | |
Gleason score | |||
Less Aggressive [6 (3 + 3), 7 (3 + 4)] | 120 (71.01) | 36 (61.02) | 0.193 |
More Aggressive [7 (4 + 3), 8 (4 + 4), 9 (4 + 5), 9 (5 + 4)] | 49 (28.99) | 23 (38.98) | |