Figure 2

HE staining of rabbit portal vein VX2 tumor thrombus (Figure 2A), PVTT VEGF protein expression in control group, post-treatment Endostar and saline group (×400) (Figure 2B, 2C, 2D). Note: VEGF was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of cancer cells and on the envelope of tumor cells. The level of VEGF protein expression was scored based on staining intensity and number of positive cells. In Figure 2-A, the arrow indicates cancer cells characterized by irregular shape, karyomegaly, anachromasis, and heteromorphism. Figure 2-B is the VEGF staining image of tumor thrombus in control group before treatment (×400). White arrow indicates VEGF expression in the cytoplasm with a score of 8 points. Figure 2-C is VEGF staining image of tumor thrombus in saline group (×400). White arrow indicates VEGF are widely expressed in the cytoplasm of cancer cells, some of which are deeply stained, with a score of 9 points. Figure 2-D is VEGF staining image of tumor thrombus in Endostar group after treatment (×400). The arrow indicates VEGF expression in cytoplasm of cancer cells, characterized by lighter stain and less positive cells, with a score of 2 points. PVTT post-treatment VEGF protein expression in Endostar group (Figure 2-D) was significantly lower than that in saline group (Figure 2-C), and also lower than pre-treatment TBF: tissue blood flow. As shown in control group (Figure 2-B). HE: Hematoxylin eosin. BF: blood flow. TBV: tissue blood volume. PVTT: portal vein tumor thrombus. VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.