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Table 2 Calculation of the expected frequencies for the kappa test, after Altman[8]

From: Significance of results in cancer imaging

Assessment

Expected frequency

Normal

33 × (28/85) = 10.87

Benign

22 × (38/85) = 9.84

Suspected cancer

29 × (16/85) = 5.46

Cancer

1 × (3/85) = 0.04

Total

26.2 (31)