Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population
Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
Age (mean ± SD, y) | 66.7 ± 8.4 |
Sex | |
Male | 55 (45.8%) |
Female | 65 (54.2%) |
Tumor location | |
Head or uncinate process | 73 (60.8%) |
Body | 37 (30.8%) |
Tail | 10 (8.3%) |
Tumor size (mean ± SD, cm) | |
Baseline | 3.0 ± 1.1 (1.3–8.5) |
Post-NAT | 2.4 ± 1.0 (0.8–6.9) |
Baseline CT resectability category | |
Resectable | 17 (14.2%) |
Borderline resectable | 71 (59.2%) |
Locally advanced | 32 (26.7%) |
Tumor response evaluation according to RECIST 1.1 | |
Partial response | 47 (39.2%) |
Stable disease | 58 (48.3%) |
Progressive disease | 15 (12.5%) |
Serum CA 19–9 level (mean ± SD, U/mL) | |
Baseline | 1718.8 ± 3228.8 (1.0–12,000.0) |
Post-NAT | 461.3 ± 1636.5 (1.0–12,000.0) |
Serum CA 19–9 response | |
Responder (normalized at follow-up) | 31 (25.8%) |
Non-responder (nonnormalized or nonelevated CA 19–9 level) | 89 (74.2%) |
Types of surgery | |
Pancreaticoduodenectomy | 61 (50. 8%) |
Distal pancreatectomy | 24 (20.0%) |
Total pancreatectomy | 6 (5.0%) |
Diagnostic laparotomy or palliative surgery | 5 (4.2%) |
Subtotal pancreatectomy | 2 (1.7%) |
No surgical procedure | 22 (18.3%) |
Resection margina | |
Negative | 69 (74.2%) |
Positive | 24 (25.8%) |
Pathologic T staginga | |
T0 (no residual tumor) | 7 (7.5%) |
T1 | 33 (35.5%) |
T2 | 32 (34.4%) |
T3 | 16 (17.2%) |
T4 | 5 (5.4%) |
Pathologic N staginga | |
N0 | 55 (59.1%) |
N1 | 34 (36.6%) |
N2 | 4 (4.3%) |
Tumor gradea | |
Well-differentiated | 10 (10.8%) |
Moderately differentiated | 68 (73.1%) |
Poorly differentiated or undifferentiated | 8 (8.6%) |
No residual tumor | 7 (7.5%) |
Tumor regression grade according to the College of American Pathologistsa | |
0 (complete response, no viable cancer cells) | 7 (7.5%) |
1 (near complete response, single cells or rare groups of cancer cells) | 23 (24.7%) |
2 (partial response, residual cancer with evident tumor regression, but more than single cells or rare groups of cancer cells) | 38 (40.9%) |
3 (poor or no response, extensive residual cancer with no evident tumor regression) | 25 (26.9%) |
Large vessel invasion confirmed on pathologic analysisa | 7 (7.5%) |
Superior mesenteric artery | 2 (2.2%) |
Main portal vein | 2 (2.2%) |
Superior mesenteric vein | 1 (1.1%) |
Common hepatic artery | 1 (1.1%) |
Celiac axis | 1 (1.1%) |
No large vessel invasion | 86 (92.5%) |
Lymphatic invasiona | |
Yes | 17 (18.3%) |
No | 76 (81.7%) |
Microscopic vascular invasiona | |
Yes | 23 (24.7%) |
No | 70 (75.3%) |
Perineural invasiona | |
Yes | 65 (69.9%) |
No | 28 (30.1%) |
SUVmax at tumor-vessel contact on post-NAT PET/MRI (mean ± SD)b | 5.0 ± 3.2 (1.5–16.3) |
ADC value at tumor-vessel contact on post-NAT PET/MRI(mean ± SD, × 10–3 mm2/s)c | 1.49 ± 0.37 (1.03–2.40) |