Fig. 2

A 47-year-old male patient with hepatocellular carcinoma received SEMS insertion plus ¹²⁵I seed strand insertion. A Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography showed stenosis of the common hepatic duct. B Cholangiography showed the process of insertion of ¹²⁵I seed strand (containing 15 seeds). C Cholangiography showed an 8×60 mm self-expandable metallic stent was placed accurately into the biliary stricture. (Arranged ¹²⁵I seed strand between the stent and biliary wall). D Three-dimensional reconstructed image of ¹²⁵I seed strand. E Dose distribution of ¹²⁵I seed strand on TPS. F Dose-volume histogram calculated after ¹²⁵I seed strand insertion