Fig. 4

Illustration of a 74-year-old female who presented with typical symptoms of pancreatic cancer, having changes in her appetite, weight loss, and jaundice. Carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (CA 19–9) was considerably increased at approximately 11,000 U/mL, pointing towards advanced disease. After the initial diagnostic workup, the patient underwent dual-energy computed tomography (A, B) that identified a large pancreatic mass with consecutive ductal obstruction. One month later additional magnetic resonance imaging with T2-weighted sequences (C, D) confirmed the diagnosis and showed associated diffusion restriction in apparent diffusion coefficient maps (E) and diffusion-weighted imaging (F). Histopathology revealed the presence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma