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Table 2 Hazard ratios of clinicopathological and MRI variables on uni- and multivariate survival analysis

From: Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma: MRI features and their association with survival

Variable

Category

Univariate Analysis

Multivariate Analysis

HR (95% CI)

P value

HR (95% CI)

P value

Clinicopathological findings

  Age (years)

> 60

0.70 (0.34–1.43)

0.32

  

< 60

1

   

  Gender

Male

1.24 (0.55–2.79)

0.61

  

Female

1

   

  Ethnicity

Non-white

0.96 (0.41–2.23)

0.92

  

White

1

   

  Tumor Size (cm)

> 10

2.44 (1.15–5.21)

0.02

2.39 (0.90–6.37)

0.08

< 10

1

 

1

 

  Histologic Subtype

Others

3.25 (1.28–8.2)

0.01

9.50 (2.81–32.13)

< 0.01

Papillary or chromophobe

2.01 (0.68–5.95)

0.21

1.50 (0.47–4.74)

0.49

Clear cell

1

 

1

 

  Extent of Sarcomatoid differentiation

Non-focal

3.30 (1.55–7.01)

< 0.01

  

Focal

1

   

  Pathologic Stage

pT3–4

2.20 (0.77–6.32)

0.13

  

pT1–2

1

   

  Metastatic

Lymph Nodes

Present

2.10 (1.01–4.37)

0.04

  

Absent

1

   

  Baseline Status

Metastatic

5.04 (2.4–10.59)

< 0.01

6.89 (2.79–16.97)

< 0.01

Loco-regional

1

 

1

 

MRI features

  Tumor Size (cm)

> 10

1.96 (0.95–4.05)

0.07

  

< 10

1

   

  Volume of T2LIA (mL)

> 3.2

4.22 (1.92–9.29)

< 0.01

2.51 (1.04–6.05)

0.04

< 3.2

1

 

1

 

  Percentage of T2LIA (%)

> 10%

2.11 (0.80–5.53)

0.12

  

< 10%

1

   

  Lymphadenopathy

Present

2.24 (1.16–4.71)

0.01

2.14 (1.00–4.57)

0.05

Absent

1

 

1

 

  Non-Enhancing Areas

Present

0.64 (0.24–1.69)

0.37

  

Absent

1

   
  1. CI Confidence interval, HR Hazard ratio, MRI Magnetic resonance imaging, T2LIA T2 low signal intensity area