Characteristics | Derivation cohort (N=423) | Validation cohort (N=258) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Precursor glandular lesions (N=110) | Adenocarcinomas (N=313) | t/Z/χ2 | P value | precursor glandular lesions (N=72) | Adenocarcinomas (N=186) | t/Z/χ2 | P value | |
Lesion Size (mm) | 8.25 ± 1.96 | 12.41 ± 5.27 | -11.824a | <0.001 | 8.09 ± 1.90 | 12.54 ± 5.31 | -9.899a | <0.001 |
Mean CT value (HU) | -603.38 ± 93.89 | -502.02 ± 132.98 | -8.671a | <0.001 | -592.19 ± 89.64 | -495.54 ± 133.15 | -6.719a | <0.001 |
Volume (cm3) | 0.24 (0.14, 0.38) | 0.43 (0.25, 1.05) | -7.325b | <0.001 | 0.20 (0.13, 0.31) | 0.45 (0.24, 1.02) | -6.566b | <0.001 |
Mass (g) | 0.09 (0.05, 0.15) | 0.21 (0.11, 0.48) | -8.919b | <0.001 | 0.08 (0.05, 0.13) | 0.21 (0.11, 0.48) | -7.688b | <0.001 |
Vascular change | Â | Â | 70.399c | <0.001 | Â | Â | 49.756c | <0.001 |
 Present | 3 (2.7%) | 148 (47.3%) |  |  | 2 (2.8%) | 93 (50.0%) |  |  |
 Absent | 107 (97.3%) | 165 (52.7%) |  |  | 70 (97.2%) | 93 (50.0%) |  |  |
Bronchiole change | Â | Â | 14.838c | <0.001 | Â | Â | 9.121c | 0.003 |
 Present | 7 (6.4%) | 72 (23.0%) |  |  | 6 (8.3%) | 47 (25.3%) |  |  |
 Absent | 103 (93.6%) | 241 (77.0%) |  |  | 66 (91.7%) | 139 (74.7%) |  |  |
Lobulation | Â | Â | 75.580c | <0.001 | Â | Â | 48.237c | <0.001 |
 Present | 4 (3.6%) | 158 (50.5%) |  |  | 4 (5.6%) | 98 (52.7%) |  |  |
 Absent | 106 (96.4%) | 155 (49.5%) |  |  | 68 (94.4%) | 88 (47.3%) |  |  |
Bubble | Â | Â | 3.047c | 0.081 | Â | Â | 0.843c | 0.359 |
 present | 11 (10.0%) | 53 (16.9%) |  |  | 7 (9.7%) | 26 (14.0%) |  |  |
 Absent | 99 (90.0%) | 260 (83.1%) |  |  | 65 (90.3%) | 160 (86.0%) |  |  |
Pleural attachment | Â | Â | 13.755c | <0.001 | Â | Â | 7.412c | 0.006 |
 Present | 23 (20.9%) | 127 (40.6%) |  |  | 14 (19.4%) | 69 (37.1%) |  |  |
 Absent | 87 (79.1%) | 186 (59.4%) |  |  | 58 (80.6%) | 117 (62.9%) |  |  |
Spiculation | Â | Â | 4.616c | 0.032 | Â | Â | 2.844c | 0.092 |
 Present | 11 (10.0%) | 59 (18.8%) |  |  | 7 (9.7%) | 34 (18.3%) |  |  |
 Absent | 99 (90.0%) | 254 (81.2%) |  |  | 65 (90.3%) | 152 (81.7%) |  |  |
Lesion-lung interface | Â | Â | 16.517c | <0.001 | Â | Â | 9.119c | 0.003 |
 Clear | 89 (80.9%) | 186 (59.4%) |  |  | 59 (81.9%) | 116 (62.4%) |  |  |
 Blurry | 21 (19.1%) | 127 (40.6%) |  |  | 13 (18.1%) | 70 (37.6%) |  |  |