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Table 2 Comparison of baseline demographic, biochemical, and histopathological characteristics of HCC patients with and without ER

From: Multiparametric liver MRI for predicting early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after microwave ablation

Characteristics

Total (n = 339)

Early recurrence (n = 115)

No early recurrence (n = 224)

P value

Sex (%)

 Women

134

42 (36.5)

92 (41.2%)

0.356

 Men

195

63 (63.5%)

132 (58.5%)

 

Age (years)

 

48.66 ± 9.87

53.62 ± 10.55

0.614

Tumor size (%)

   

0.021*

  ≤ 3 cm

186

84 (73.3)

102 (45.6)

 

 3 – 5 cm

152

31 (26.7)

121 (54.4)

 

Cause of disease (%)

   

0.089

 Chronic hepatitis B

305

103 (89.6)

202 (90.2)

 

 Chronic hepatitis C

28

10 (8.7)

18 (8)

 

 Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

6

2 (1.7)

4 (17.8)

 

BCLC stage (%)

   

0.105

 A

309

105 (91.3)

204 (91.1)

 

 B

30

10 (8.7)

31 (8.9)

 

ALBI stage (%)

   

0.020*

 I

191

42 (36.5)

149 (66.5)

 

 II

148

73 (63.5)

75 (33.4)

 

Tumor location (%)

   

 < 0.001*

 Close to vessel

100

75 (65.5)

25 (11.2)

 

 Close to organ/ subcapsular

50

19 (16.3)

31 (13.7)

 

 Nonspecific

191

21 (18.2)

168 (76.1)

 

Preoperative serum AFP level (%)

   

0.021*

  ≤ 200 ng/mL

191

81 (70)

110 (49)

 

  > 200 ng/mL

148

34 (30)

114 (51)

 

Tumor type (%)

   

0.681

 Primary HCC

200

66 (58)

134 (60)

 

 Recurrence HCC

139

49 (42)

90 (40)

 

MAM (%)

   

0.011*

  ≤ 5 mm

110

81 (70)

29 (13)

 

  > 5 mm

229

34 (30)

195 (87)

 

LR-TR category (%)

   

0.550

 TR nonviable

250

89 (77)

161 (72)

 

 TR equivocal

79

23 (20)

56 (25)

 

 TR viable

10

3 (3)

7 (3)

 

Ill-defined margins (%)

   

 < 0.001*

 Yes

183

92 (80)

91 (41)

 

 No

156

23 (20)

133 (59)

 

Lack of capsule enhancement (%)

   

 < 0.001*

 Yes

185

82 (71)

103 (46)

 

 No

154

33 (29)

121 (54)

 

ADC (%)

   

 < 0.001*

  ≤ 1.272 × 10−3 mm/s

184

98 (85)

86 (38)

 

  > 1.272 × 10−3 mm/s

155

17 (15)

138 (62)

 

ΔADC (%)

   

 < 0.001*

  ≤ 0.283 × 10−3 mm/s

179

96 (83)

83 (37)

 

  > 0.283 × 10−3 mm/s

160

19 (17)

141 (63)

 

EADC

   

0.012*

  ≤ 0.316

201

79 (69)

122 (54)

 

  > 0.316

138

36 (31)

102 (46)

 
  1. Note: unless indicated otherwise, data represent the number of hepatocellular carcinomas, and data in parentheses represent percentages. * P < 0.05
  2. a values are the mean ± standard deviation; b values are medians (ranges)
  3. Categorical variables were compared by using a chi-square test or a Fisher’s exact test;
  4. AFP Alpha-fetoprotein, MAM Minimal ablative margin, ALBI Albumin-bilirubin, ADC Apparent diffusion coefficient, eADC Exponential apparent diffusion coefficient
  5. ALBI score = (log10 bilirubin × 0.66) + (albumin ×  − 0.085)
  6. Classified into three grades (grade 1, ALBI score ≤  − 2.60; grade 2, − 2.60 < ALBI score ≤  − 1.39; grade 3, ALBI score >  − 1.39)
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