Fig. 5

Performance of LASSO models. a The ROC curves of LASSO and SMOTE-LASSO models in training and SMOTE-training sets, respectively. b The ROC curves of LASSO and SMOTE-LASSO models in validation set. c The performance of LASSO and SMOTE-LASSO models in training and SMOTE-training sets, respectively. d The performance of LASSO and SMOTE-LASSO models in validation set. ROC: receiver operating curve; AUC: area under the ROC curve; NPV: negative predictive value; PPV: positive predict value; LASSO: least absolute shrinkage and selection operator; SMOTE: synthetic minority over-sampling technique