Table 4 Features and formulas for the identification of ccRCC and non-ccRCC

f47: GLCM Maximum Probability

max(P(i, j))

f49: GLCM Joint Energy

\( {\sum}_{i=1}^{N_g}{\sum}_{j=1}^{N_g}{\left(P\left(i,j\right)\right)}^2 \)

f56: GLCM Correlation

\( \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{N_g}{\sum}_{j=1}^{N_g}\mathrm{P}\left(\mathrm{i},\mathrm{j}\right)\mathrm{ij}-{\mu}_x{\mu}_y}{\sigma_x(i){\sigma}_y(j)} \)

f58: GLCM Sum Entropy

\( {\sum}_{k=2}^{2{N}_g}{\mathrm{P}}_{x+y}(k){\log}_2\left({\mathrm{P}}_{x+y}(k)+\varepsilon \right) \)

f94: GLRLM Long Run High Gray Level Emphasis

\( \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{N_g}{\sum}_{j=1}^{N_g}\mathrm{P}\left(\mathrm{i},\mathrm{j}\right){i}^2{j}^2}{\sum_{i=1}^{N_g}{\sum}_{j=1}^{N_g}\mathrm{P}\left(\mathrm{i},\mathrm{j}\right)} \)

f102: GLSZM Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized

\( \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{N_g}{\left({\sum}_{j=1}^{N_g}P\left(i,j\right)\right)}^2}{N_z^2} \)