Table 2 Previous reports of FLAIR hyperintensity on the brainstem surface without abnormal enhancement (Bloomy rind sign)
Case | Author, publish year | Age | Sex | Primary cancer | EGFR mutation | Systemic metastasis | Chemotherapy agents used before LM | CSF cytology | Treatment for LM | Prognosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Crombe, 2014 [6] | 56 | M | Lung adenocarcinoma | Positive | Bone, Lung | gefitinib | Malignant cells | NA | 2 M (Respilatory fail) |
2 | Khil et al. 2015 [7] | 75 | M | Lung adenocarcinoma | NA, but supposed to be positivea1 | Bone | gefitinib | Malignant cells | NA | 1 M (Respilatory fail) |
3 | Khil et al. 2015 [7] | 47 | F | Lung adenocarcinoma | NA | Brain | CBDCA+PTX | NA | WBRT | Hospice care |
4 | Cheng, 2017 [9] | 39 | M | Lung adenocarcinoma | Positive (19 del) | Lung | CDDP+VNR, gefitiib | Malignant cells | IT-Ig, steroid, IT-CTx, and erlotinib | 1Y (Sepsis) |
5 | Cheng, 2017 [9] | NA | NA | Lung adenocarcinoma | Positive | Brain, Lung | CDDP+VNR, gefitiib | NA | WBRT | Lost to follow up |
6 | Cheng, 2017 [9] | NA | NA | Lung adeno+squamous | Positive (21 L858R) | Bone, Lung | none | negative | gefitinib, afatinib | 7 M (Respilatory fail) |
7 | Cheng, 2017 [9] | NA | NA | Lung adenocarcinoma | Positive (19 del, T790M) | Bone, Brain, Lung | erlotinib, VNR, pemetrexed, and gemcitabine | NA | WBRT, osimertinib | survival over 6 M |
8 | Maeda, 2019 [10] | 55 | M | Lung adenocarcinoma | Positive (19 del) | NA | NA | Malignant cells | NA | spread to medulla after 4 M |
9 | Maeda, 2019 [10] | 77 | M | Lung adenocarcinoma | NA | NA | NA | Malignant cells | NA | NA |