Table 3 The selected feature sets with LASSO and LASSO with SVMSMOTE

LASSO (n = 22)

original_shape_LeastAxis

original_shape_Elongation

original_shape_Flatness

logarithm_firstorder_Kurtosis

logarithm_glrlm_HighGrayLevelRunEmphasis

square_firstorder_10Percentile

square_glrlm_ShortRunHighGrayLevelEmphasis

exponential_glcm_Imc1

exponential_glrlm_LongRunEmphasis

exponential_glrlm_LongRunLowGrayLevelEmphasis

wavelet-LHL_firstorder_Skewness

wavelet-LHH_glcm_ClusterShade

wavelet-HLL_firstorder_Energy

wavelet-LLH_firstorder_Kurtosis

wavelet-LLH_glcm_ClusterProminence

wavelet-HHH_glszm_GrayLevelNonUniformity

wavelet-HHH_glszm_LowGrayLevelZoneEmphasis

wavelet-HHH_glszm_SmallAreaLowGrayLevelEmphasis

wavelet-HHL_firstorder_Skewness

wavelet-HHL_glrlm_ShortRunLowGrayLevelEmphasis

wavelet-LLL_firstorder_Kurtosis

wavelet-LLL_glcm_Correlation

LASSO with SVMSMOTE (n = 30)

wavelet-HLL_firstorder_Energy

exponential_glrlm_LongRunEmphasis

wavelet-HHL_firstorder_Skewness

wavelet-HHL_glrlm_ShortRunLowGrayLevelEmphasis

wavelet-HLH_glrlm_RunPercentage

wavelet-LHL_firstorder_90Percentile

square_glrlm_LongRunEmphasis

logarithm_glrlm_ShortRunHighGrayLevelEmphasis

wavelet-LHL_glcm_MaximumProbability

wavelet-LLH_glszm_GrayLevelNonUniformity

wavelet-LHL_firstorder_Mean

wavelet-LHH_glcm_ClusterShade

wavelet-LHL_glszm_ZonePercentage

wavelet-HHL_glszm_GrayLevelVariance

original_shape_Elongation

wavelet-LLH_firstorder_10Percentile

square_glcm_Correlation

original_shape_Flatness

wavelet-HHH_glszm_LowGrayLevelZoneEmphasis

wavelet-LLL_glcm_Correlation

exponential_glrlm_ShortRunHighGrayLevelEmphasis

wavelet-LLL_firstorder_Kurtosis

wavelet-LHL_firstorder_InterquartileRange

wavelet-LLH_glcm_Contrast

wavelet-LLH_firstorder_Energy

wavelet-LLH_firstorder_Minimum

wavelet-LHL_glszm_ZoneEntropy

wavelet-HHH_glszm_GrayLevelNonUniformity

original_glszm_ZoneEntropy

original_shape_LeastAxis