Prediction of microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma: value of volumetric iodine quantification using preoperative dual-energy computed tomography

Table 4 Univariate and multivariate analyses of clinical and CT parameters in predicting MVI

Parameters	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
Parameters	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P-value	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P-value
Age (> 60 years)	0.63 (0.16–2.41)	0.50
Sex (Female)	0.70 (0.16–2.98)	0.63
Staging of hepatic fibrosis (Stage 4)	1.44 (0.38–5.57)	0.59
AFP (> 8.7 ng/ml)	2.67 (0.65–10.88)	0.17
PIVKA-II (> 40 mAU/mL)	4.38 (1.03–18.63)	0.05	2.71 (0.47–15.58)	0.26
Edmondson-Steiner grade of HCC (III)	4.75 (0.95–23.85)	0.06	5.64 (0.67–47.25)	0.11
Total volume of HCC (> 4.5 ml)	2.16 (0.54–8.57)	0.27
Maximal diameter of HCC (> 32 mm)	4.53 (1.06–19.41)	0.04	4.04 (0.67–24.37)	0.13
Peritumoral enhancement	3.15 (0.78–12.73)	0.11
Nonsmooth tumor margin	3.00 (0.72–12.55)	0.13
NIC of outer layer 1 (> 0.082 mg/ml)	6.42 (1.37–30.05)	0.02	7.14 (1.12–45.40)	0.04

Abbreviations: MVI microvascular invasion, AFP Alpha-fetoprotein, PIVKA-II Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II, NIC normalized iodine concentration, VOI volume of interest, CI confidence interval

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