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Table 3 Image characteristics of primary hepatic malignant vascular tumor

From: Primary hepatic malignant vascular tumors: a follow-up study of imaging characteristics and clinicopathological features

Image findings

PHA

EHE

MHP

IHE

Liver involvement

 Single

2 (18%)

0

1 (33%)

8 (62%)

 Multiple

9 (82%)

15 (100%)

2 (67%)

5 (38%)

Number of segments involved

 1

3 (27%)

1 (7%)

0

7 (54%)

 2 ~ 4

7 (64%)

5 (33%)

2 (67%)

4 (31%)

  > 5

1 (9%)

9 (60%)

1 (33%)

2 (15%)

Tumor shape

 Round

2 (18%)

5 (33%)

2 (67%)

6 (46%)

 Irregular

9 (82%)

10 (67%)

1 (33%)

7 (54%)

Margin

 Well-defined

0

0

0

6 (46%)

 Ill-defined

11 (100%)

15 (100%)

3 (100%)

7 (54%)

Capsule

 Present

2 (18%)

0

0

0

 Absent

9 (82%)

15 (100%)

3 (100%)

13 (100%)

Density

 Hypo-

11 (100%)

12 (80%)

2 (100%)

13 (100%)

 Iso-

0

3 (20%)

0

0

 Hyper-

0

0

0

0

T1WI

 Hypo-

3 (75%)

4 (100%)

2 (100%)

1 (100%)

 Iso-

0

0

0

0

 Hyper-

1 (25%)

0

0

0

Fat-suppressed T2WI

 Hypo-

0

0

0

0

 Iso-

0

0

0

0

 Hyper-

4 (100%)

4 (100%)

2 (100%)

1 (100%)

Diffused weighted imaging (DWI)

 Hypo-

1 (25%)

0

0

0

 Iso-

0

0

0

0

 Hyper-

3 (75%)

4 (100%)

2 (100%)

1 (100%)

Cystic/necrosis

 Present

5 (45%)

6 (40%)

3 (100%)

8 (62%)

 Absent

6 (55%)

9 (60%)

0

5 (38%)

Calcification

 Present

3 (27%)

2 (13%)

0

5 (38%)

 Absent

8 (73%)

13 (87%)

3 (100%)

8 (62%)

Hemorrhage

 Present

1 (9%)

0

0

0

 Absent

10 (91%)

15 (100%)

3 (100%)

13 (100%)

Morphological type

 Nodules type (d < 5 cm)

2 (18%)

0

2 (67%)

5 (38%)

 Mass type (d ≥ 5 cm)

7 (65%)

0

1 (33%)

3 (24%)

 Diffused micronodules type

2 (18%)

15 (100%)

0

5 (38%)

Enhanced pattern

 “Slow in-slow out” centripetal enhancement

7 (64%)

5 (33%)

0

0

 “Fast in-slow out” centripetal enhancement

4 (36%)

10 (67%)

3 (100%)

13 (100%)

Enhanced degree

 Hyper-vascular

8 (73%)

9 (60%)

2 (67%)

13 (100%)

 Hypo-vascular

3 (27%)

6 (40%)

1 (33%)

0

Metastases

 Lung

2 (18%)

7 (47%)

1 (33%)

0

 Spleen

1 (9%)

0

0

0

 Bone

1 (9%)

0

1 (33%)

0

 Retroperitoneal space

3 (27%)

1 (7%)

0

0

Intratumoral blood vessel

4 (37%)

10 (67%)

0

5 (38%)

Typical sign

 “Psuedocapsule sign”

0

4 (27%)

0

0

 “Halo sign”

2 (18%)

15 (100%)

3 (100%)

0

 “Lollipop sign”

0

2 (13%)

0

0

 “Capsule retraction sign”

0

2 (13%)

0

0

  1. Note: PHA Primary hepatic angiosarcoma; EHE Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma; MHP Malignant hemangiopericytoma; IHE Infantile hemangioendothelioma