Fig. 6

Decision curve analysis for each model based on the validation dataset. The risk probability of death was recorded as Pi. When Pi reached a certain threshold probability (Pt), it was defined as positive, and some intervention were taken. The net benefit was calculated by summing the benefits of intervention in true positive proportion (a) and loss benefit of unnecessary treatment in false positive proportion (b). Net benefit = a-b [Pt/(1-Pt)]. The horizontal black line represented all negative samples and no intervention. The gray dotted oblique represented intervention of all patients. The radiomics nomogram had the highest net benefit compared with all-treat scheme or non-treat scheme and other models across the range of 15–55% in Pt. For example, if the Pt reached 30%, the net benefit was about 0.10 when using the radiomics nomogram to determine whether to perform therapies