Fig. 1

Proposed cellular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of TTFields. In vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that alternating electric fields in the frequency range of 100–300 kHz have specific effects by prolonging mitosis, which leads to the arrest of cell proliferation and may induce cell membrane rupture at the time of cleavage. There appears to be a central reliance on a structural disruption of normal mitotic segregation of cellular components by impairing dipole alignment, which is normally integral in the orderly process of chromosome alignment and separation