Fig. 3

The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) binary logistic regression model used to select texture feature. a Tuning parameter (λ) selection in the LASSO model used 10-fold cross-validation via minimum criteria. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) is plotted versus log(λ). Dotted vertical lines are drawn at the optimal values by using the minimum criteria and the 1 standard error of the minimum criteria (the 1-SE criteria). log(λ) = −6.214, with λ chosen of 0.02. b LASSO coefficient profiles of the 483 texture features. A coefficient profile plot is produced against the log(λ) sequence. Vertical line is drawn at the value selected using 10-fold cross-validation, where optimal λ results in 42 non-zero coefficients