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Table 1 Characteristics of the five patients in our series. R = right and L = left. SRS = stereotactic radiosurgery and IGRT = image guided radiation therapy

From: The eye of the beholder: orbital metastases from midgut neuroendocrine tumors, a two institution experience

Patient (age, gender)

Primary Site

Grade

Ki-67% (highest if multiple lesions biopsied)

Unilateral or Bilateral Orbital Involvement (Specific Recti Involved)

Ocular Symptoms

Other Metastatic Sites

Local Treatment Received for Orbital Involvement

1 (72, female)

Midgut (Jejunum)

G3

>20%

Bilateral (R medial rectus, L medial rectus, L lateral rectus)

None

Liver, pancreas, intra-abdominal lymph nodes, bone

No radiation

2 (68, male)

Midgut (Ileum)

G2

10%

Bilateral (L extraocular muscles except lateral rectus, R inferior rectus, R inferior oblique, R superior rectus, R medial rectus)

L periorbital swelling and pain

Liver, bone

IGRT 11/2017

3 (63, female)

Midgut (Ileum)

G3

22%

Bilateral (R medial, L infraorbital)

Diplopia, diminished vision

Calvarium, axial spine, thoracic nodes, liver, pancreas, peritoneum, pericardium

No radiation

4 (72, male)

Midgut (Ileum)

G2

NA

Unilateral (L lateral rectus)

Proptosis, diplopia

Mesentery, pelvis, pancreas, omentum

SRS 2/2015

5 (61, female)

Midgut (NOS)

G2

<10%

Bilateral (R lateral rectus, L superior oblique)

Diplopia

Mesentery, bone, liver, mediastinal lymph nodes

IGRT 10/2016