From: Neuroblastoma and nephroblastoma: a radiological review
Risk factor | Description |
---|---|
Ipsilateral tumour extension within two body compartments | •Neck-chest |
•Chest-abdomen | |
•Abdomen-pelvis | |
Neck | •Tumour encasing carotid and/or vertebral artery and/or internal jugular vein |
•Tumour extending to base of skull | |
•Tumour compressing the trachea | |
Cervico-thoracic junction | •Tumour encasing brachial plexus roots |
•Tumour encasing subclavian vessels and/or vertebral and/or carotid artery | |
•Tumour compressing the trachea | |
Thorax | •Tumour encasing the aorta and/or major branches |
•Tumour compressing the trachea and/or principal bronchi | |
•Lower mediastinal tumour, infiltrating the costo-vertebral junction between T9 and T12 | |
Thoraco-abdominal | •Tumour encasing the aorta and/or vena cava |
Abdomen/pelvis | •Tumour infiltrating the porta hepatis and/or the hepatoduodenal ligament |
•Tumour encasing branches of the superior mesenteric artery at the mesenteric root | |
•Tumour encasing the origin of the coeliac axis, and/or of the superior mesenteric artery | |
•Tumour invading one or both renal pedicles | |
•Tumour encasing the aorta and/or vena cava | |
•Tumour encasing the iliac vessels | |
•Pelvic tumour crossing the sciatic notch | |
Intraspinal tumour extension whatever the location provided that: | •More than one third of the spinal canal in the axial plane is invaded and/or the perimedullary leptomeningeal spaces are not visible and/or the spinal cord signal is abnormal |
Infiltration of adjacent organs/structures | •Pericardium |
•Diaphragm | |
•Kidney | |
•Liver | |
•Duodeno-pancreatic block | |
•Mesentery | |
Conditions to be recorded, but not considered IDRFs | •Multifocal primary tumours |
•Pleural effusion, with or without malignant cells | |
•Ascites, with or without malignant cells |